Introduction to Linux

Linux is a free and open-source operating system (OS) kernel that serves as the foundation for many different operating systems, known as Linux distributions (distros). Unlike proprietary systems like Windows or macOS, Linux is developed collaboratively by a global community of developers and is available for anyone to use, modify, and distribute.

Key Features of Linux

1. Open Source

• Linux is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), meaning its source code is freely available.

• Users can modify, redistribute, and even sell their own versions of Linux.

2. Highly Secure

• Linux has a strong security model with user permissions, file encryption, and SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux).

• Fewer malware attacks compared to Windows due to its permission-based system.

3. Stability & Performance

• Linux is known for its stability—servers running Linux can operate for years without needing a reboot.

• Efficient resource management makes it ideal for old hardware, servers, and embedded systems.

4. Customizability

• Users can choose from different desktop environments (GNOME, KDE, XFCE) and distributions (Ubuntu, Fedora, Arch Linux).

• Developers can tweak the OS to their exact needs.

5. Supports a Wide Range of Hardware

• Runs on desktops, servers, smartphones (Android is Linux-based), supercomputers, IoT devices, and even gaming consoles.

6. Strong Command-Line Interface (CLI)

• Linux provides powerful terminal commands for automation, scripting, and system administration.

• Many tasks can be performed faster via CLI than GUI.